Real range calculator
Makers quote range for a light rider at low speed on a warm, flat road. Enter your own conditions to see what to expect instead.
Estimated real range
– km
– Wh/km · – Wh usable
How we estimate it
The calculator adds up the energy needed for each kilometre, then divides the usable battery by it.
- Rolling resistance: about 0.7% of total weight on bike tyres, 1% on scooter tyres, 1.5% on solid, fat and motorbike tyres.
- Air drag: rider frontal area 0.55 m² on a scooter, 0.5 m² on a bike, 0.65 m² on an e-moto. It grows with the square of speed, which is why going faster costs so much range.
- Hills: 10 m of climbing per km for rolling terrain, 25 m for hilly. We assume no energy comes back on the way down.
- Motor and controller efficiency: 80%. City riding adds 25% for stopping and starting.
- E-bikes: the battery covers 45% of the effort in eco, 65% in normal and 85% in high assist. You pedal the rest.
- Battery: 90% of the rated capacity is usable. Below 20°C we take off about 1.2% per degree, down to 60% at most.
- Default vehicle weights if unknown: 18 kg scooter, 25 kg e-bike, 55 kg e-moto.
It is an estimate. Wind, tyre pressure, battery age and riding style can move real range by 20% or more either way.